• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Container of wood like a barrel for the maturation of wines or spirits that presents some internal grooves. Wooden container intended for the maturation of a wine or a spirit, comprising pieces of wood (6) elongated according to the direction of the fibers of the wood, assembled between them in the width to constitute a closed container, characterized in that it comprises at least one piece of wood (6) having an inner surface in which at least one groove (36) is formed that makes an angle with respect to the fibers of the wood that represent the longitudinal axis of tree growth, to obtain a cut of these fibers destined to be exposed to the liquid. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2635587A1
    申请号:ES201730433
    申请日:2017-03-28
    公开日:2017-10-04
    发明作者:Benoit VERDIER；Andrei PRIDA
    申请人:Seguin Moreau & Co；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DESCRIPTION
    Wooden container as a barrel for the maturation of wines or spirits that has internal grooves.
    Field of the Invention
    The present invention relates to a wooden container intended to receive wines and spirits in order to ensure the maturation of these liquids, as well! as to some manufacturing processes of some wooden containers of this type.
    The maturation of wines and spirits in wooden containers, usually of oak, but also of other wood species such as chestnut or acacia, is an important stage in the elaboration of these liquids. In the course of barrel aging, extractable wood compounds spread in the wine, modifying their aroma and flavor. In particular, notes that provide a vanilla, coconut, spicy, smoked, roasted, coffee or caramel flavor can be added.
    In addition, a slow penetration of oxygen through the wood that constitutes the barrel makes a moderate oxidation of the substances present in the wine or the spirit, which favorably modifies its organoleptic characteristics such as its color, taste or smell.
    State of the art
    The closed wooden containers traditionally used in oenology for the maturation of wines and spirits can have different volumes and shapes, they are called in particular barrel, barrel, pipe, barrel or barrel.
    The wooden containers, hereinafter referred to generically as a barrel, are composed of two main parts, the cylindrical wall or hull that forms a closed contour around a main axis, and the two bottoms that are at the ends of this hull. They are manufactured by coopers with the following usual procedure.
    The hull, which can be circular or oval, is formed by a series of pieces of wood
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    joined so-called staves, arranged parallel to the main axis, which comprise a blanket that provides the barrel with a more important diameter in its central part to obtain the barrel shape. The set of staves is held tight by means of metal bands or cables that surround it at different heights.
    Each bottom represents a circular or oval flat part, which is composed of a series of parallel pieces of wood, called bottom pieces, held between them by spikes or tongue and groove.
    The wooden pieces of the hull and bottom are obtained from boards directly cut into the logs, and then sawn according to a specific procedure depending on the species of wood and the thickness of the piece to be made and, finally, dried at outdoors before entering the barrel manufacturing process.
    The boards for the staves are subjected to continuation to different operations to shorten them, unite them, perform the roughing that flattens and thins them and, sometimes, to empty them. After these operations, these pieces of wood, which are now called staves, are paired to form the barrel hull.
    The staves are assembled around a first circle by squeezing one end of these pieces between them, unfolding the other side of these staves that are free to form a rose. A bending of the staves is then carried out to form the calculation on the other side and to provide the final shape of the barrel, which is carried out mainly with wood fire. Other steam combustion techniques or hot water immersion can also be used.
    In the course of the bending of the staves, the temperatures are not high enough to cause deep changes in the wood. On the contrary, these changes in wood occur in the course of a second heating, also called roasting. Depending on the intensity of this second heating, light, medium or strong, wood with specific characteristics is obtained. Coopers propose different heating programs in response to the expectations of wine growers and spirits producers.
    The bottoms of the containers are produced from pieces of wood of the same quality as the tables, which have a reduced length, also called
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    background pieces. These machined bottom pieces in a different way with respect to the boards since they do not undergo any bending, are brushed on all four faces. The bottom pieces are then assembled with spikes or tongue and groove, and then the contour of the assembly is cut to obtain the final shape of the bottom.
    The funds then undergo in some cases a thermal treatment, which comprises a surface heating by radiation of electrical resistors, which reinforces the impact of the wood smell of the barrel on the wine or the spirit. Next, the two bottoms are assembled on the hull to obtain the closed volume. Finally, finishing operations such as sanding, marking and packaging are carried out before delivering the product.
    This production process poses in particular a problem of small liquid penetration into the interior of the wood. In fact, since its tightness is the first quality of a wooden container, the least permeable wood face is exposed to the liquid. For example, for some French oak boards, the liquid exposure surfaces are arranged parallel to the direction of the wood fibers, which is the longitudinal direction of the tree trunk, as! as the sense of tree growth on foot.
    The wine or the spirit penetrates very little into the depth of these surfaces perpendicular to the direction of the fibers and, therefore, extracts few compounds from this wood. A long time is then required to obtain sufficient extraction of the wood compounds by the drink, which entails costs.
    Summary of the invention
    The present invention is particularly intended to avoid these drawbacks of the prior art.
    For this purpose, it proposes a wooden container intended for the maturation of a wine or a spirit, which comprises elongated pieces of wood according to the sense of the fibers of the wood, assembled between them to constitute a closed container, this container being notable for comprising at least one piece of wood that has an inner surface on which at least one
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    groove that forms an angle with respect to the fibers of the wood that represent the longitudinal axis of growth of the tree, to obtain a cut of these fibers destined to be exposed to the liquid.
    An advantage of this wooden container lies in the fact that, by making the interior grooves of the wooden pieces a cut of the fibers, by definition in a globally transverse direction to these fibers, a penetration is obtained by these cut ends easy liquid inside the wood, and faster extraction of the compounds of this wood.
    It is then obtained a maturation of the wine or the spirit in a term that is shortened.
    The wooden container according to the invention can also comprise one or more of the following characteristics that can be combined with each other.
    Advantageously, the grooves are arranged perpendicular to the direction of the wood fibers. A larger exchange surface is obtained with the end of the wood fibers.
    Advantageously, the depth of the grooves is less than or equal to half the thickness of the pieces of wood. In this case, sufficient tightness and strength of the wood pieces are preserved.
    In particular, the depth of the grooves can be approximately five millimeters.
    Advantageously, the separation between two slots is greater than ten millimeters. This minimum distance allows to maintain a solidity of the part between two grooves.
    Advantageously, the cross-section of the grooves forms a rectangle. This way is easy to machine.
    In particular, the container can form a hull according to a closed contour, which comprises in its inner surface continuous grooves closed along this contour.
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    The object of the invention is also a method of manufacturing a wooden container that has any of the above characteristics, which comprises a slot machining stage in individual pieces of wood provided to form this container.
    As a variant, the manufacturing process can comprise a slot machining stage in bottoms comprising bottom pieces assembled between them.
    The invention also aims at a renovation process to obtain a wooden container comprising any of the above characteristics, which includes a stage of exchanging funds or staves for parts that have grooves intended to be exposed on the inner surface to the liquid
    The invention also has as its object a method of manufacturing a wooden container having any of the above characteristics, the wood pieces being previously heat treated before the assembly of the container.
    Brief description of the drawings
    The invention will be better understood and other features and advantages will appear more clearly with the reading of the following description given by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
    - Figure 1 is a side view of a barrel presenting a partial axial section;
    - Figure 2 is a side view of a bottom of this barrel;
    - Figure 3 is a detailed view of the bottom assembly on the hull;
    - Figure 4 shows grooves made of a piece of wood that cuts the
    fibers of this wood; Y
    - Figures 5, 6 and 7 present for a barrel according to the invention, respectively, an axial sectional view, a side view and the inside face of a stave, and a
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    view of the inner face of a background.
    Detailed description of some embodiments of the invention
    Figures 1, 2 and 3 present a barrel according to the preceding claim comprising a circular hull 2 centered on a main axis A which receives at each end a bottom 4.
    The hull 2 is formed by a series of elongated staves 6 in the direction of the fibers of the wood, which are pressed together in width and maintained by some straps 8 arranged at different heights.
    The outer barrel shape axially comprises parts delimited by straps 8, which comprise a central part 12 called the belly, which has a perforation 10 for the exchange of the liquid, and then on each side a side part 14 called the neck and, finally, a small extreme part 16 called the head that goes to an extreme stitch.
    Each bottom 4 formed by a series of bottom pieces pressed between them, has a circular contour that forms in an axial section a tip 20 turned outwards. Near each end of the barrel, the inner surface of the hull 2 comprises a circular throat 22 perpendicular to the A axis, which receives the tip 20 of the bottom contour 4. The tightening of the outer straps 8 ensures continuous pressure on the contour of the funds 4, which performs the tightness.
    Figure 4 shows a piece of wood 30 that can be a stave or a bottom piece, elongated according to the longitudinal direction of the fibers of the wood 32, which has on its inner face 34 exposed to the liquid, two slots 36 of rectangular section machined in wood on a part of the thickness of this piece. The upper groove 36 cuts the fibers of the wood 32 perpendicularly to these fibers, the lower groove cuts them with an inclination of approximately 45 °.
    The lateral surfaces 38 of the grooves 36 constitute a privileged surface of penetration of the liquid into the fibers of the wood 32 by its cut ends.
    Figure 5 shows a barrel comprising on the inner faces of the staves 6 and the bottoms 4 a series of parallel grooves 36 of rectangular section, which have a
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    depth equal to approximately 25% of the thickness of the pieces of wood.
    Figure 6 shows approximately forty grooves 36 on the inner face of each stave 6, which are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of this piece.
    Figure 7 shows approximately thirty-three grooves 36 on the inner face of the bottom 4, which are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of each bottom piece 40.
    A privileged surface of penetration of the liquid into the wood fibers is obtained for this barrel, equal to the sum of the lateral surfaces of the grooves 36, which can be calculated by multiplying the length of the grooves twice by their depth. In the case that the grooves 36 were not perpendicular to the direction of the wood fibers, it is necessary to multiply this result by the angle formed between the direction of these fibers and the groove, to obtain a privileged equivalent exchange surface perpendicular to the fibers.
    The speed of penetration of the liquid into the wood is a limiting factor for the extraction of extractable oak compounds. In the case of wine, studies show according to the authors and the measurement procedures used, a penetration of this liquid into the wood between two and four millimeters.
    An Index used for the measurement of the penetration of the liquid in the wood is the measurement of the moisture rate of the thin surface area of this wood according to the depth, which allows in these humidified areas an extraction of the compounds of this wood. It should be noted that the accessibility of wood compounds is greatly reduced from the interior contact surface, going in the direction of depth.
    A study has shown that the amount of whiskey-lactone, which forms an extralble compound of wood that can be considered as a marker to estimate the percentage of extraction, confined in the surface layer of thickness of two millimeters after two years of aging of the drink, is of the order of 50% with respect to the new wood.
    In practice, the grooves 36 are made with cutting tools to obtain a clean cut of the wood fibers, such as a saw or a milling machine.
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    Advantageously, it has a width between one and twenty-five millimeters.
    The quantity of wood per liter of liquid to be obtained, guided by the choice of winemakers or spirits producers, is calculated by taking the total privileged exchange area obtained with slots 36, multiplied by the density of the wood and divided by the volume of the container.
    Advantageously, the maximum depth of the grooves 36 is limited to half the thickness of the wood pieces, in order to avoid the risk of leakage through the container.
    Advantageously, the distance between the grooves 36 is at least ten millimeters, in order to obtain a sufficient strength of the wood that remains between two grooves and prevent its breakage. In this case, as presented in Figure 5, with circular grooves perpendicular to the main axis made in the staves 6, and parallel grooves made in the bottoms 4, the maximum possible privileged surface of exchange is obtained.
    On the contrary, at least to obtain a small privileged exchange surface that provides a slow extraction of extractable wood compounds, a single groove can be made in the container.
    A type of groove 36 adapted for a standard use of a barrel, which provides a reasonable rate of extraction of wood compounds, has a depth of five millimeters and a separation of one hundred millimeters.
    In particular, the pieces of wood that suffer the grooving can, before or after this operation of mechanization of the grooves 36, be heat treated before the assembly of the container, in particular by heating with a convection oven, in order to reinforce the contribution of heating compounds. This heat treatment can also be applied to all the parts after their assembly. In particular, a type of treatment carried out in a convection oven for this type of wood pieces applies a temperature of 180 ° C for a period of three hours.
    Different ways of realization of the grooves 36 are possible, which comprise the mechanization of these grooves on the individual wood pieces before their
    assembly for the bottoms 4 and the hull 2, or on an assembled assembly intended to form a bottom 4.
    In particular, the wooden pieces can be formed in the first place, by brushing the bottom pieces 40, or by shortening, joining and roughing the raw boards, and then machining a series of grooves 36 transversely to the Length in these individual pieces asl formed. The machining of the grooves 36 is easily performed on these individual pieces that are flat.
    10 As a variant for the bottoms 4, the bottom pieces 40 can be assembled firstly between them, and then machining the grooves 36 either before the cutting of their outer contour, or after this cutting. This mechanization of the grooves 36 in the assembled bottoms 4 is carried out in the same way easily on a surface that is flat.
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    The procedure according to the invention can be applied both to new containers and to the renewal of used containers. The renovation of used containers includes leaving bare new wood surfaces that have not been impregnated by the previous use, and that have not yielded their extractable compounds.
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    As a variant, for the renovation of used barrels, certain pieces of wood can be changed by introducing new grooved pieces of wood, for example changing certain staves 6, or changing only the complete bottoms 4, which represents an easier operation.
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    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
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    1. Wooden container intended for the maturation of a wine or a spirit, comprising pieces of wood (6, 40) elongated according to the direction of the wood fibers, assembled between them to constitute a closed container, characterized in that It comprises at least one thermo-treated bottom piece (40) having an inner surface in which at least one groove (36) is formed which forms an angle with respect to the fibers of the wood that represent the longitudinal axis of growth of the tree, to obtain a cut of these fibers destined to be exposed to the liquid.
    [2]
    2. Wooden container according to claim 1, characterized in that the grooves (36) are arranged perpendicular to the direction of the wood fibers.
    [3]
    3. Wooden container according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the depth of the grooves (36) is less than or equal to half the thickness of the wooden pieces (6, 40).
    [4]
    4. Wooden container according to claim 3, characterized in that the depth of the grooves (36) is approximately five millimeters.
    [5]
    5. Wooden container according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the separation between two slots (36) is greater than ten millimeters.
    [6]
    6. Wooden container according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the cross section of the grooves (36) forms a rectangle.
    [7]
    7. Wooden container according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that it comprises a helmet (2) that forms a closed contour, comprising on its inner surface continuous grooves (36) closed along this contour.
    [8]
    Method of manufacturing a wooden container according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises a slot machining stage (36) on bottoms (4) comprising bottom pieces (40) assembled between them .
    [9]
    9. Renewal process for obtaining a wooden container according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises a step of exchanging funds (4) or staves (6) for parts that have on the inner surface some
    5 slots intended to be exposed to the liquid (36).
    [10]
    10. Procedure for manufacturing a wooden container according to revindication 8, characterized in that the wooden pieces (6, 40) are previously heat treated before assembly of the container.
    10
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    GB2549202B|2020-04-22|
    FR3049615A1|2017-10-06|
    ES2635587B1|2018-06-27|
    GB201705238D0|2017-05-17|
    FR3049615B1|2019-07-05|
    US20170283753A1|2017-10-05|
    GB2549202A|2017-10-11|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB1156288A|1968-01-09|1969-06-25|Brown Forman Distillers Corp|Improvements in Barrels for Storing Alcoholic Liquors|
    US3842723A|1969-02-10|1974-10-22|Seagram & Sons Inc|Whiskey barrel|
    US7357069B1|2003-07-07|2008-04-15|Riverside Rockets, Ltd.|Beverage infusion spiral and methods of making and using the same|
    US9212343B1|2010-04-30|2015-12-15|Russell D. Karasch|Apparatus and method for aging liquids|
    CA2932136A1|2015-06-05|2016-12-05|Russell D. Karasch|Apparatus and method for aging liquids|WO2020094893A1|2018-10-22|2020-05-14|Gutierrez Araujo Ivan|Wooden stave and barrel for drinks|US3372633A|1966-08-19|1968-03-12|Brown Forman Distillers Corp|Whiskey barrel|
    DE102004016019A1|2004-04-01|2005-10-20|Kani Werner|Surface alteration of the inner side of a wood saw involving increase in the surface useful useful in wine production, i.e. for development of specific wine odours|
    US20070240579A1|2006-04-18|2007-10-18|Boake Brian G|Composite barrel|
    WO2012175097A1|2011-06-22|2012-12-27|Gunter Sommer|Surface extension of containers for storing and refining alcoholic drinks|CN107663500B|2017-11-17|2021-01-26|舍得酒业股份有限公司|Method for culturing aged-flavor type ecological pit mud by adopting aged-flavor type ecological pit mud fermentation pit|
    法律状态:
    2018-06-27| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2635587 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B1 Effective date: 20180627 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1652917A|FR3049615B1|2016-04-04|2016-04-04|WOOD CONTAINER AS A SAME FOR THE MATURATION OF WINES OR SPIRITS HAVING INNER GROOVES|
    FR16/52917|2016-04-04|
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